-<p align="center"><b>Using Markdown format to write web pages</b></p>\r
-\r
-<p>(This text is a copy of <a target="_blank" href="http://daringfireball.net/projects/markdown/syntax">the original Markdown syntax page</a>)</p>\r
-\r
-<hr />\r
-<div id="Main">\r
-\r
-<div class="article">\r
-\r
-<ul>\r
-<li><a href="#overview">Overview</a>\r
-<ul>\r
-<li><a href="#philosophy">Philosophy</a></li>\r
-<li><a href="#html">Inline HTML</a></li>\r
-<li><a href="#autoescape">Automatic Escaping for Special Characters</a></li>\r
-</ul></li>\r
-<li><a href="#block">Block Elements</a>\r
-<ul>\r
-<li><a href="#p">Paragraphs and Line Breaks</a></li>\r
-<li><a href="#header">Headers</a></li>\r
-<li><a href="#blockquote">Blockquotes</a></li>\r
-<li><a href="#list">Lists</a></li>\r
-<li><a href="#precode">Code Blocks</a></li>\r
-<li><a href="#hr">Horizontal Rules</a></li>\r
-</ul></li>\r
-<li><a href="#span">Span Elements</a>\r
-<ul>\r
-<li><a href="#link">Links</a></li>\r
-<li><a href="#em">Emphasis</a></li>\r
-<li><a href="#code">Code</a></li>\r
-<li><a href="#img">Images</a></li>\r
-</ul></li>\r
-<li><a href="#misc">Miscellaneous</a>\r
-<ul>\r
-<li><a href="#backslash">Backslash Escapes</a></li>\r
-<li><a href="#autolink">Automatic Links</a></li>\r
-</ul></li>\r
-</ul>\r
-\r
-<hr />\r
-\r
-<h2 id="overview">Overview</h2>\r
-\r
-<h3 id="philosophy">Philosophy</h3>\r
-\r
-<p>Markdown is intended to be as easy-to-read and easy-to-write as is feasible.</p>\r
-\r
-<p>Readability, however, is emphasized above all else. A Markdown-formatted\r
-document should be publishable as-is, as plain text, without looking\r
-like it’s been marked up with tags or formatting instructions. While\r
-Markdown’s syntax has been influenced by several existing text-to-HTML\r
-filters — including <a href="http://docutils.sourceforge.net/mirror/setext.html">Setext</a>, <a href="http://www.aaronsw.com/2002/atx/">atx</a>, <a href="http://textism.com/tools/textile/">Textile</a>, <a href="http://docutils.sourceforge.net/rst.html">reStructuredText</a>,\r
-<a href="http://www.triptico.com/software/grutatxt.html">Grutatext</a>, and <a href="http://ettext.taint.org/doc/">EtText</a> — the single biggest source of\r
-inspiration for Markdown’s syntax is the format of plain text email.</p>\r
-\r
-<p>To this end, Markdown’s syntax is comprised entirely of punctuation\r
-characters, which punctuation characters have been carefully chosen so\r
-as to look like what they mean. E.g., asterisks around a word actually\r
-look like *emphasis*. Markdown lists look like, well, lists. Even\r
-blockquotes look like quoted passages of text, assuming you’ve ever\r
-used email.</p>\r
-\r
-<h3 id="html">Inline HTML</h3>\r
-\r
-<p>Markdown’s syntax is intended for one purpose: to be used as a\r
-format for <em>writing</em> for the web.</p>\r
-\r
-<p>Markdown is not a replacement for HTML, or even close to it. Its\r
-syntax is very small, corresponding only to a very small subset of\r
-HTML tags. The idea is <em>not</em> to create a syntax that makes it easier\r
-to insert HTML tags. In my opinion, HTML tags are already easy to\r
-insert. The idea for Markdown is to make it easy to read, write, and\r
-edit prose. HTML is a <em>publishing</em> format; Markdown is a <em>writing</em>\r
-format. Thus, Markdown’s formatting syntax only addresses issues that\r
-can be conveyed in plain text.</p>\r
-\r
-<p>For any markup that is not covered by Markdown’s syntax, you simply\r
-use HTML itself. There’s no need to preface it or delimit it to\r
-indicate that you’re switching from Markdown to HTML; you just use\r
-the tags.</p>\r
-\r
-<p>The only restrictions are that block-level HTML elements — e.g. <code><div></code>,\r
-<code><table></code>, <code><pre></code>, <code><p></code>, etc. — must be separated from surrounding\r
-content by blank lines, and the start and end tags of the block should\r
-not be indented with tabs or spaces. Markdown is smart enough not\r
-to add extra (unwanted) <code><p></code> tags around HTML block-level tags.</p>\r
-\r
-<p>For example, to add an HTML table to a Markdown article:</p>\r
-\r
-<pre><code>This is a regular paragraph.\r
-\r
-<table>\r
- <tr>\r
- <td>Foo</td>\r
- </tr>\r
-</table>\r
-\r
-This is another regular paragraph.\r
-</code></pre>\r
-\r
-<p>Note that Markdown formatting syntax is not processed within block-level\r
-HTML tags. E.g., you can’t use Markdown-style <code>*emphasis*</code> inside an\r
-HTML block.</p>\r
-\r
-<p>Span-level HTML tags — e.g. <code><span></code>, <code><cite></code>, or <code><del></code> — can be\r
-used anywhere in a Markdown paragraph, list item, or header. If you\r
-want, you can even use HTML tags instead of Markdown formatting; e.g. if\r
-you’d prefer to use HTML <code><a></code> or <code><img></code> tags instead of Markdown’s\r
-link or image syntax, go right ahead.</p>\r
-\r
-<p>Unlike block-level HTML tags, Markdown syntax <em>is</em> processed within\r
-span-level tags.</p>\r
-\r
-<h3 id="autoescape">Automatic Escaping for Special Characters</h3>\r
-\r
-<p>In HTML, there are two characters that demand special treatment: <code><</code>\r
-and <code>&</code>. Left angle brackets are used to start tags; ampersands are\r
-used to denote HTML entities. If you want to use them as literal\r
-characters, you must escape them as entities, e.g. <code>&lt;</code>, and\r
-<code>&amp;</code>.</p>\r
-\r
-<p>Ampersands in particular are bedeviling for web writers. If you want to\r
-write about ‘AT&T’, you need to write ‘<code>AT&amp;T</code>’. You even need to\r
-escape ampersands within URLs. Thus, if you want to link to:</p>\r
-\r
-<pre><code>http://images.google.com/images?num=30&q=larry+bird\r
-</code></pre>\r
-\r
-<p>you need to encode the URL as:</p>\r
-\r
-<pre><code>http://images.google.com/images?num=30&amp;q=larry+bird\r
-</code></pre>\r
-\r
-<p>in your anchor tag <code>href</code> attribute. Needless to say, this is easy to\r
-forget, and is probably the single most common source of HTML validation\r
-errors in otherwise well-marked-up web sites.</p>\r
-\r
-<p>Markdown allows you to use these characters naturally, taking care of\r
-all the necessary escaping for you. If you use an ampersand as part of\r
-an HTML entity, it remains unchanged; otherwise it will be translated\r
-into <code>&amp;</code>.</p>\r
-\r
-<p>So, if you want to include a copyright symbol in your article, you can write:</p>\r
-\r
-<pre><code>&copy;\r
-</code></pre>\r
-\r
-<p>and Markdown will leave it alone. But if you write:</p>\r
-\r
-<pre><code>AT&T\r
-</code></pre>\r
-\r
-<p>Markdown will translate it to:</p>\r
-\r
-<pre><code>AT&amp;T\r
-</code></pre>\r
-\r
-<p>Similarly, because Markdown supports <a href="#html">inline HTML</a>, if you use\r
-angle brackets as delimiters for HTML tags, Markdown will treat them as\r
-such. But if you write:</p>\r
-\r
-<pre><code>4 < 5\r
-</code></pre>\r
-\r
-<p>Markdown will translate it to:</p>\r
-\r
-<pre><code>4 &lt; 5\r
-</code></pre>\r
-\r
-<p>However, inside Markdown code spans and blocks, angle brackets and\r
-ampersands are <em>always</em> encoded automatically. This makes it easy to use\r
-Markdown to write about HTML code. (As opposed to raw HTML, which is a\r
-terrible format for writing about HTML syntax, because every single <code><</code>\r
-and <code>&</code> in your example code needs to be escaped.)</p>\r
-\r
-<hr />\r
-\r
-<h2 id="block">Block Elements</h2>\r
-\r
-<h3 id="p">Paragraphs and Line Breaks</h3>\r
-\r
-<p>A paragraph is simply one or more consecutive lines of text, separated\r
-by one or more blank lines. (A blank line is any line that looks like a\r
-blank line — a line containing nothing but spaces or tabs is considered\r
-blank.) Normal paragraphs should not be intended with spaces or tabs.</p>\r
-\r
-<p>The implication of the “one or more consecutive lines of text” rule is\r
-that Markdown supports “hard-wrapped” text paragraphs. This differs\r
-significantly from most other text-to-HTML formatters (including Movable\r
-Type’s “Convert Line Breaks” option) which translate every line break\r
-character in a paragraph into a <code><br /></code> tag.</p>\r
-\r
-<p>When you <em>do</em> want to insert a <code><br /></code> break tag using Markdown, you\r
-end a line with two or more spaces, then type return.</p>\r
-\r
-<p>Yes, this takes a tad more effort to create a <code><br /></code>, but a simplistic\r
-“every line break is a <code><br /></code>” rule wouldn’t work for Markdown.\r
-Markdown’s email-style <a href="#blockquote">blockquoting</a> and multi-paragraph <a href="#list">list items</a>\r
-work best — and look better — when you format them with hard breaks.</p>\r
-\r
-<h3 id="header">Headers</h3>\r
-\r
-<p>Markdown supports two styles of headers, <a href="http://docutils.sourceforge.net/mirror/setext.html">Setext</a> and <a href="http://www.aaronsw.com/2002/atx/">atx</a>.</p>\r
-\r
-<p>Setext-style headers are “underlined” using equal signs (for first-level\r
-headers) and dashes (for second-level headers). For example:</p>\r
-\r
-<pre><code>This is an H1\r
-=============\r
-\r
-This is an H2\r
--------------\r
-</code></pre>\r
-\r
-<p>Any number of underlining <code>=</code>’s or <code>-</code>’s will work.</p>\r
-\r
-<p>Atx-style headers use 1-6 hash characters at the start of the line,\r
-corresponding to header levels 1-6. For example:</p>\r
-\r
-<pre><code># This is an H1\r
-\r
-## This is an H2\r
-\r
-###### This is an H6\r
-</code></pre>\r
-\r
-<p>Optionally, you may “close” atx-style headers. This is purely\r
-cosmetic — you can use this if you think it looks better. The\r
-closing hashes don’t even need to match the number of hashes\r
-used to open the header. (The number of opening hashes\r
-determines the header level.) :</p>\r
-\r
-<pre><code># This is an H1 #\r
-\r
-## This is an H2 ##\r
-\r
-### This is an H3 ######\r
-</code></pre>\r
-\r
-<h3 id="blockquote">Blockquotes</h3>\r
-\r
-<p>Markdown uses email-style <code>></code> characters for blockquoting. If you’re\r
-familiar with quoting passages of text in an email message, then you\r
-know how to create a blockquote in Markdown. It looks best if you hard\r
-wrap the text and put a <code>></code> before every line:</p>\r
-\r
-<pre><code>> This is a blockquote with two paragraphs. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet,\r
-> consectetuer adipiscing elit. Aliquam hendrerit mi posuere lectus.\r
-> Vestibulum enim wisi, viverra nec, fringilla in, laoreet vitae, risus.\r
-> \r
-> Donec sit amet nisl. Aliquam semper ipsum sit amet velit. Suspendisse\r
-> id sem consectetuer libero luctus adipiscing.\r
-</code></pre>\r
-\r
-<p>Markdown allows you to be lazy and only put the <code>></code> before the first\r
-line of a hard-wrapped paragraph:</p>\r
-\r
-<pre><code>> This is a blockquote with two paragraphs. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet,\r
-consectetuer adipiscing elit. Aliquam hendrerit mi posuere lectus.\r
-Vestibulum enim wisi, viverra nec, fringilla in, laoreet vitae, risus.\r
-\r
-> Donec sit amet nisl. Aliquam semper ipsum sit amet velit. Suspendisse\r
-id sem consectetuer libero luctus adipiscing.\r
-</code></pre>\r
-\r
-<p>Blockquotes can be nested (i.e. a blockquote-in-a-blockquote) by\r
-adding additional levels of <code>></code>:</p>\r
-\r
-<pre><code>> This is the first level of quoting.\r
->\r
-> > This is nested blockquote.\r
->\r
-> Back to the first level.\r
-</code></pre>\r
-\r
-<p>Blockquotes can contain other Markdown elements, including headers, lists,\r
-and code blocks:</p>\r
-\r
-<pre><code>> ## This is a header.\r
-> \r
-> 1. This is the first list item.\r
-> 2. This is the second list item.\r
-> \r
-> Here's some example code:\r
-> \r
-> return shell_exec("echo $input | $markdown_script");\r
-</code></pre>\r
-\r
-<p>Any decent text editor should make email-style quoting easy. For\r
-example, with BBEdit, you can make a selection and choose Increase\r
-Quote Level from the Text menu.</p>\r
-\r
-<h3 id="list">Lists</h3>\r
-\r
-<p>Markdown supports ordered (numbered) and unordered (bulleted) lists.</p>\r
-\r
-<p>Unordered lists use asterisks, pluses, and hyphens — interchangably\r
-— as list markers:</p>\r
-\r
-<pre><code>* Red\r
-* Green\r
-* Blue\r
-</code></pre>\r
-\r
-<p>is equivalent to:</p>\r
-\r
-<pre><code>+ Red\r
-+ Green\r
-+ Blue\r
-</code></pre>\r
-\r
-<p>and:</p>\r
-\r
-<pre><code>- Red\r
-- Green\r
-- Blue\r
-</code></pre>\r
-\r
-<p>Ordered lists use numbers followed by periods:</p>\r
-\r
-<pre><code>1. Bird\r
-2. McHale\r
-3. Parish\r
-</code></pre>\r
-\r
-<p>It’s important to note that the actual numbers you use to mark the\r
-list have no effect on the HTML output Markdown produces. The HTML\r
-Markdown produces from the above list is:</p>\r
-\r
-<pre><code><ol>\r
-<li>Bird</li>\r
-<li>McHale</li>\r
-<li>Parish</li>\r
-</ol>\r
-</code></pre>\r
-\r
-<p>If you instead wrote the list in Markdown like this:</p>\r
-\r
-<pre><code>1. Bird\r
-1. McHale\r
-1. Parish\r
-</code></pre>\r
-\r
-<p>or even:</p>\r
-\r
-<pre><code>3. Bird\r
-1. McHale\r
-8. Parish\r
-</code></pre>\r
-\r
-<p>you’d get the exact same HTML output. The point is, if you want to,\r
-you can use ordinal numbers in your ordered Markdown lists, so that\r
-the numbers in your source match the numbers in your published HTML.\r
-But if you want to be lazy, you don’t have to.</p>\r
-\r
-<p>If you do use lazy list numbering, however, you should still start the\r
-list with the number 1. At some point in the future, Markdown may support\r
-starting ordered lists at an arbitrary number.</p>\r
-\r
-<p>List markers typically start at the left margin, but may be indented by\r
-up to three spaces. List markers must be followed by one or more spaces\r
-or a tab.</p>\r
-\r
-<p>To make lists look nice, you can wrap items with hanging indents:</p>\r
-\r
-<pre><code>* Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetuer adipiscing elit.\r
- Aliquam hendrerit mi posuere lectus. Vestibulum enim wisi,\r
- viverra nec, fringilla in, laoreet vitae, risus.\r
-* Donec sit amet nisl. Aliquam semper ipsum sit amet velit.\r
- Suspendisse id sem consectetuer libero luctus adipiscing.\r
-</code></pre>\r
-\r
-<p>But if you want to be lazy, you don’t have to:</p>\r
-\r
-<pre><code>* Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetuer adipiscing elit.\r
-Aliquam hendrerit mi posuere lectus. Vestibulum enim wisi,\r
-viverra nec, fringilla in, laoreet vitae, risus.\r
-* Donec sit amet nisl. Aliquam semper ipsum sit amet velit.\r
-Suspendisse id sem consectetuer libero luctus adipiscing.\r
-</code></pre>\r
-\r
-<p>If list items are separated by blank lines, Markdown will wrap the\r
-items in <code><p></code> tags in the HTML output. For example, this input:</p>\r
-\r
-<pre><code>* Bird\r
-* Magic\r
-</code></pre>\r
-\r
-<p>will turn into:</p>\r
-\r
-<pre><code><ul>\r
-<li>Bird</li>\r
-<li>Magic</li>\r
-</ul>\r
-</code></pre>\r
-\r
-<p>But this:</p>\r
-\r
-<pre><code>* Bird\r
-\r
-* Magic\r
-</code></pre>\r
-\r
-<p>will turn into:</p>\r
-\r
-<pre><code><ul>\r
-<li><p>Bird</p></li>\r
-<li><p>Magic</p></li>\r
-</ul>\r
-</code></pre>\r
-\r
-<p>List items may consist of multiple paragraphs. Each subsequent\r
-paragraph in a list item must be intended by either 4 spaces\r
-or one tab:</p>\r
-\r
-<pre><code>1. This is a list item with two paragraphs. Lorem ipsum dolor\r
- sit amet, consectetuer adipiscing elit. Aliquam hendrerit\r
- mi posuere lectus.\r
-\r
- Vestibulum enim wisi, viverra nec, fringilla in, laoreet\r
- vitae, risus. Donec sit amet nisl. Aliquam semper ipsum\r
- sit amet velit.\r
-\r
-2. Suspendisse id sem consectetuer libero luctus adipiscing.\r
-</code></pre>\r
-\r
-<p>It looks nice if you indent every line of the subsequent\r
-paragraphs, but here again, Markdown will allow you to be\r
-lazy:</p>\r
-\r
-<pre><code>* This is a list item with two paragraphs.\r
-\r
- This is the second paragraph in the list item. You're\r
-only required to indent the first line. Lorem ipsum dolor\r
-sit amet, consectetuer adipiscing elit.\r
-\r
-* Another item in the same list.\r
-</code></pre>\r
-\r
-<p>To put a blockquote within a list item, the blockquote’s <code>></code>\r
-delimiters need to be indented:</p>\r
-\r
-<pre><code>* A list item with a blockquote:\r
-\r
- > This is a blockquote\r
- > inside a list item.\r
-</code></pre>\r
-\r
-<p>To put a code block within a list item, the code block needs\r
-to be indented <em>twice</em> — 8 spaces or two tabs:</p>\r
-\r
-<pre><code>* A list item with a code block:\r
-\r
- <code goes here>\r
-</code></pre>\r
-\r
-<p>It’s worth noting that it’s possible to trigger an ordered list by\r
-accident, by writing something like this:</p>\r
-\r
-<pre><code>1986. What a great season.\r
-</code></pre>\r
-\r
-<p>In other words, a <em>number-period-space</em> sequence at the beginning of a\r
-line. To avoid this, you can backslash-escape the period:</p>\r
-\r
-<pre><code>1986\. What a great season.\r
-</code></pre>\r
-\r
-<h3 id="precode">Code Blocks</h3>\r
-\r
-<p>Pre-formatted code blocks are used for writing about programming or\r
-markup source code. Rather than forming normal paragraphs, the lines\r
-of a code block are interpreted literally. Markdown wraps a code block\r
-in both <code><pre></code> and <code><code></code> tags.</p>\r
-\r
-<p>To produce a code block in Markdown, simply indent every line of the\r
-block by at least 4 spaces or 1 tab. For example, given this input:</p>\r
-\r
-<pre><code>This is a normal paragraph:\r
-\r
- This is a code block.\r
-</code></pre>\r
-\r
-<p>Markdown will generate:</p>\r
-\r
-<pre><code><p>This is a normal paragraph:</p>\r
-\r
-<pre><code>This is a code block.\r
-</code></pre>\r
-</code></pre>\r
-\r
-<p>One level of indentation — 4 spaces or 1 tab — is removed from each\r
-line of the code block. For example, this:</p>\r
-\r
-<pre><code>Here is an example of AppleScript:\r
-\r
- tell application "Foo"\r
- beep\r
- end tell\r
-</code></pre>\r
-\r
-<p>will turn into:</p>\r
-\r
-<pre><code><p>Here is an example of AppleScript:</p>\r
-\r
-<pre><code>tell application "Foo"\r
- beep\r
-end tell\r
-</code></pre>\r
-</code></pre>\r
-\r
-<p>A code block continues until it reaches a line that is not indented\r
-(or the end of the article).</p>\r
-\r
-<p>Within a code block, ampersands (<code>&</code>) and angle brackets (<code><</code> and <code>></code>)\r
-are automatically converted into HTML entities. This makes it very\r
-easy to include example HTML source code using Markdown — just paste\r
-it and indent it, and Markdown will handle the hassle of encoding the\r
-ampersands and angle brackets. For example, this:</p>\r
-\r
-<pre><code> <div class="footer">\r
- &copy; 2004 Foo Corporation\r
- </div>\r
-</code></pre>\r
-\r
-<p>will turn into:</p>\r
-\r
-<pre><code><pre><code>&lt;div class="footer"&gt;\r
- &amp;copy; 2004 Foo Corporation\r
-&lt;/div&gt;\r
-</code></pre>\r
-</code></pre>\r
-\r
-<p>Regular Markdown syntax is not processed within code blocks. E.g.,\r
-asterisks are just literal asterisks within a code block. This means\r
-it’s also easy to use Markdown to write about Markdown’s own syntax.</p>\r
-\r
-<h3 id="hr">Horizontal Rules</h3>\r
-\r
-<p>You can produce a horizontal rule tag (<code><hr /></code>) by placing three or\r
-more hyphens or asterisks on a line by themselves. If you wish, you\r
-may use spaces between the hyphens or asterisks. Each of the following\r
-lines will produce a horizontal rule:</p>\r
-\r
-<pre><code>* * *\r
-\r
-***\r
-\r
-*****\r
-\r
-- - -\r
-\r
----------------------------------------\r
-</code></pre>\r
-\r
-<hr />\r
-\r
-<h2 id="span">Span Elements</h2>\r
-\r
-<h3 id="link">Links</h3>\r
-\r
-<p>Markdown supports two style of links: <em>inline</em> and <em>reference</em>.</p>\r
-\r
-<p>In both styles, the link text is delimited by [square brackets].</p>\r
-\r
-<p>To create an inline link, use a set of regular parentheses immediately\r
-after the link text’s closing square bracket. Inside the parentheses,\r
-put the URL where you want the link to point, along with an <em>optional</em>\r
-title for the link, surrounded in quotes. For example:</p>\r
-\r
-<pre><code>This is [an example](http://example.com/ "Title") inline link.\r
-\r
-[This link](http://example.net/) has no title attribute.\r
-</code></pre>\r
-\r
-<p>Will produce:</p>\r
-\r
-<pre><code><p>This is <a href="http://example.com/" title="Title">\r
-an example</a> inline link.</p>\r
-\r
-<p><a href="http://example.net/">This link</a> has no\r
-title attribute.</p>\r
-</code></pre>\r
-\r
-<p>If you’re referring to a local resource on the same server, you can\r
-use relative paths:</p>\r
-\r
-<pre><code>See my [About](/about/) page for details.\r
-</code></pre>\r
-\r
-<p>Reference-style links use a second set of square brackets, inside\r
-which you place a label of your choosing to identify the link:</p>\r
-\r
-<pre><code>This is [an example][id] reference-style link.\r
-</code></pre>\r
-\r
-<p>You can optionally use a space to separate the sets of brackets:</p>\r
-\r
-<pre><code>This is [an example] [id] reference-style link.\r
-</code></pre>\r
-\r
-<p>Then, anywhere in the document, you define your link label like this,\r
-on a line by itself:</p>\r
-\r
-<pre><code>[id]: http://example.com/ "Optional Title Here"\r
-</code></pre>\r
-\r
-<p>That is:</p>\r
-\r
-<ul>\r
-<li>Square brackets containing the link identifier (optionally\r
-indented from the left margin using spaces or tabs);</li>\r
-<li>followed by a colon;</li>\r
-<li>followed by one or more spaces (or tabs);</li>\r
-<li>followed by the URL for the link;</li>\r
-<li>optionally followed by a title attribute for the link, enclosed\r
-in double or single quotes.</li>\r
-</ul>\r
-\r
-<p>The link URL may, optionally, be surrounded by angle brackets:</p>\r
-\r
-<pre><code>[id]: <http://example.com/> "Optional Title Here"\r
-</code></pre>\r
-\r
-<p>You can put the title attribute on the next line and use extra spaces\r
-or tabs for padding, which tends to look better with longer URLs:</p>\r
-\r
-<pre><code>[id]: http://example.com/longish/path/to/resource/here\r
- "Optional Title Here"\r
-</code></pre>\r
-\r
-<p>Link definitions are only used for creating links during Markdown\r
-processing, and are stripped from your document in the HTML output.</p>\r
-\r
-<p>Link definition names may constist of letters, numbers, spaces, and punctuation — but they are <em>not</em> case sensitive. E.g. these two links:</p>\r
-\r
-<pre><code>[link text][a]\r
-[link text][A]\r
-</code></pre>\r
-\r
-<p>are equivalent.</p>\r
-\r
-<p>The <em>implicit link name</em> shortcut allows you to omit the name of the\r
-link, in which case the link text itself is used as the name.\r
-Just use an empty set of square brackets — e.g., to link the word\r
-“Google” to the google.com web site, you could simply write:</p>\r
-\r
-<pre><code>[Google][]\r
-</code></pre>\r
-\r
-<p>And then define the link:</p>\r
-\r
-<pre><code>[Google]: http://google.com/\r
-</code></pre>\r
-\r
-<p>Because link names may contain spaces, this shortcut even works for\r
-multiple words in the link text:</p>\r
-\r
-<pre><code>Visit [Daring Fireball][] for more information.\r
-</code></pre>\r
-\r
-<p>And then define the link:</p>\r
-\r
-<pre><code>[Daring Fireball]: http://daringfireball.net/\r
-</code></pre>\r
-\r
-<p>Link definitions can be placed anywhere in your Markdown document. I\r
-tend to put them immediately after each paragraph in which they’re\r
-used, but if you want, you can put them all at the end of your\r
-document, sort of like footnotes.</p>\r
-\r
-<p>Here’s an example of reference links in action:</p>\r
-\r
-<pre><code>I get 10 times more traffic from [Google] [1] than from\r
-[Yahoo] [2] or [MSN] [3].\r
-\r
- [1]: http://google.com/ "Google"\r
- [2]: http://search.yahoo.com/ "Yahoo Search"\r
- [3]: http://search.msn.com/ "MSN Search"\r
-</code></pre>\r
-\r
-<p>Using the implicit link name shortcut, you could instead write:</p>\r
-\r
-<pre><code>I get 10 times more traffic from [Google][] than from\r
-[Yahoo][] or [MSN][].\r
-\r
- [google]: http://google.com/ "Google"\r
- [yahoo]: http://search.yahoo.com/ "Yahoo Search"\r
- [msn]: http://search.msn.com/ "MSN Search"\r
-</code></pre>\r
-\r
-<p>Both of the above examples will produce the following HTML output:</p>\r
-\r
-<pre><code><p>I get 10 times more traffic from <a href="http://google.com/"\r
-title="Google">Google</a> than from\r
-<a href="http://search.yahoo.com/" title="Yahoo Search">Yahoo</a>\r
-or <a href="http://search.msn.com/" title="MSN Search">MSN</a>.</p>\r
-</code></pre>\r
-\r
-<p>For comparison, here is the same paragraph written using\r
-Markdown’s inline link style:</p>\r
-\r
-<pre><code>I get 10 times more traffic from [Google](http://google.com/ "Google")\r
-than from [Yahoo](http://search.yahoo.com/ "Yahoo Search") or\r
-[MSN](http://search.msn.com/ "MSN Search").\r
-</code></pre>\r
-\r
-<p>The point of reference-style links is not that they’re easier to\r
-write. The point is that with reference-style links, your document\r
-source is vastly more readable. Compare the above examples: using\r
-reference-style links, the paragraph itself is only 81 characters\r
-long; with inline-style links, it’s 176 characters; and as raw HTML,\r
-it’s 234 characters. In the raw HTML, there’s more markup than there\r
-is text.</p>\r
-\r
-<p>With Markdown’s reference-style links, a source document much more\r
-closely resembles the final output, as rendered in a browser. By\r
-allowing you to move the markup-related metadata out of the paragraph,\r
-you can add links without interrupting the narrative flow of your\r
-prose.</p>\r
-\r
-<h3 id="em">Emphasis</h3>\r
-\r
-<p>Markdown treats asterisks (<code>*</code>) and underscores (<code>_</code>) as indicators of\r
-emphasis. Text wrapped with one <code>*</code> or <code>_</code> will be wrapped with an\r
-HTML <code><em></code> tag; double <code>*</code>’s or <code>_</code>’s will be wrapped with an HTML\r
-<code><strong></code> tag. E.g., this input:</p>\r
-\r
-<pre><code>*single asterisks*\r
-\r
-_single underscores_\r
-\r
-**double asterisks**\r
-\r
-__double underscores__\r
-</code></pre>\r
-\r
-<p>will produce:</p>\r
-\r
-<pre><code><em>single asterisks</em>\r
-\r
-<em>single underscores</em>\r
-\r
-<strong>double asterisks</strong>\r
-\r
-<strong>double underscores</strong>\r
-</code></pre>\r
-\r
-<p>You can use whichever style you prefer; the lone restriction is that\r
-the same character must be used to open and close an emphasis span.</p>\r
-\r
-<p>Emphasis can be used in the middle of a word:</p>\r
-\r
-<pre><code>un*fucking*believable\r
-</code></pre>\r
-\r
-<p>But if you surround an <code>*</code> or <code>_</code> with spaces, it’ll be treated as a\r
-literal asterisk or underscore.</p>\r
-\r
-<p>To produce a literal asterisk or underscore at a position where it\r
-would otherwise be used as an emphasis delimiter, you can backslash\r
-escape it:</p>\r
-\r
-<pre><code>\*this text is surrounded by literal asterisks\*\r
-</code></pre>\r
-\r
-<h3 id="code">Code</h3>\r
-\r
-<p>To indicate a span of code, wrap it with backtick quotes (<code>`</code>).\r
-Unlike a pre-formatted code block, a code span indicates code within a\r
-normal paragraph. For example:</p>\r
-\r
-<pre><code>Use the `printf()` function.\r
-</code></pre>\r
-\r
-<p>will produce:</p>\r
-\r
-<pre><code><p>Use the <code>printf()</code> function.</p>\r
-</code></pre>\r
-\r
-<p>To include a literal backtick character within a code span, you can\r
-backslash escape it:</p>\r
-\r
-<pre><code>`There is a literal backtick (\`) here.`\r
-</code></pre>\r
-\r
-<p>Or, if you prefer, you can use multiple backticks as the opening and\r
-closing delimiters:</p>\r
-\r
-<pre><code>``There is a literal backtick (`) here.``\r
-</code></pre>\r
-\r
-<p>Both of the previous two examples will produce this:</p>\r
-\r
-<pre><code><p><code>There is a literal backtick (`) here.</code></p>\r
-</code></pre>\r
-\r
-<p>With a code span, ampersands and angle brackets are encoded as HTML\r
-entities automatically, which makes it easy to include example HTML\r
-tags. Markdown will turn this:</p>\r
-\r
-<pre><code>Please don't use any `<blink>` tags.\r
-</code></pre>\r
-\r
-<p>into:</p>\r
-\r
-<pre><code><p>Please don't use any <code>&lt;blink&gt;</code> tags.</p>\r
-</code></pre>\r
-\r
-<p>You can write this:</p>\r
-\r
-<pre><code>`&#8212;` is the decimal-encoded equivalent of `&mdash;`.\r
-</code></pre>\r
-\r
-<p>to produce:</p>\r
-\r
-<pre><code><p><code>&amp;#8212;</code> is the decimal-encoded\r
-equivalent of <code>&amp;mdash;</code>.</p>\r
-</code></pre>\r
-\r
-<h3 id="img">Images</h3>\r
-\r
-<p>Admittedly, it’s fairly difficult to devise a “natural” syntax for\r
-placing images into a plain text document format.</p>\r
-\r
-<p>Markdown uses an image syntax that is intended to resemble the syntax\r
-for links, allowing for two styles: <em>inline</em> and <em>reference</em>.</p>\r
-\r
-<p>Inline image syntax looks like this:</p>\r
-\r
-<pre><code>\r
-\r
-\r
-</code></pre>\r
-\r
-<p>That is:</p>\r
-\r
-<ul>\r
-<li>An exclamation mark: <code>!</code>;</li>\r
-<li>followed by a set of square brackets, containing the <code>alt</code>\r
-attribute text for the image;</li>\r
-<li>followed by a set of parentheses, containing the URL or path to\r
-the image, and an optional <code>title</code> attribute enclosed in double\r
-or single quotes.</li>\r
-</ul>\r
-\r
-<p>Reference-style image syntax looks like this:</p>\r
-\r
-<pre><code>![Alt text][id]\r
-</code></pre>\r
-\r
-<p>Where “id” is the name of a defined image reference. Image references\r
-are defined using syntax identical to link references:</p>\r
-\r
-<pre><code>[id]: url/to/image "Optional title attribute"\r
-</code></pre>\r
-\r
-<p>As of this writing, Markdown has no syntax for specifying the\r
-dimensions of an image; if this is important to you, you can simply\r
-use regular HTML <code><img></code> tags.</p>\r
-\r
-<hr />\r
-\r
-<h2 id="misc">Miscellaneous</h2>\r
-\r
-<h3 id="autolink">Automatic Links</h3>\r
-\r
-<p>Markdown supports a shortcut style for creating “automatic” links for URLs and email addresses: simply surround the URL or email address with angle brackets. What this means is that if you want to show the actual text of a URL or email address, and also have it be a clickable link, you can do this:</p>\r
-\r
-<pre><code><http://example.com/>\r
-</code></pre>\r
-\r
-<p>Markdown will turn this into:</p>\r
-\r
-<pre><code><a href="http://example.com/">http://example.com/</a>\r
-</code></pre>\r
-\r
-<p>Automatic links for email addresses work similarly, except that\r
-Markdown will also perform a bit of randomized decimal and hex\r
-entity-encoding to help obscure your address from address-harvesting\r
-spambots. For example, Markdown will turn this:</p>\r
-\r
-<pre><code><address@example.com>\r
-</code></pre>\r
-\r
-<p>into something like this:</p>\r
-\r
-<pre><code><a href="&#x6D;&#x61;i&#x6C;&#x74;&#x6F;:&#x61;&#x64;&#x64;&#x72;&#x65;\r
-&#115;&#115;&#64;&#101;&#120;&#x61;&#109;&#x70;&#x6C;e&#x2E;&#99;&#111;\r
-&#109;">&#x61;&#x64;&#x64;&#x72;&#x65;&#115;&#115;&#64;&#101;&#120;&#x61;\r
-&#109;&#x70;&#x6C;e&#x2E;&#99;&#111;&#109;</a>\r
-</code></pre>\r
-\r
-<p>which will render in a browser as a clickable link to “address@example.com”.</p>\r
-\r
-<p>(This sort of entity-encoding trick will indeed fool many, if not\r
-most, address-harvesting bots, but it definitely won’t fool all of\r
-them. It’s better than nothing, but an address published in this way\r
-will probably eventually start receiving spam.)</p>\r
-\r
-<h3 id="backslash">Backslash Escapes</h3>\r
-\r
-<p>Markdown allows you to use backslash escapes to generate literal\r
-characters which would otherwise have special meaning in Markdown’s\r
-formatting syntax. For example, if you wanted to surround a word with\r
-literal asterisks (instead of an HTML <code><em></code> tag), you can backslashes\r
-before the asterisks, like this:</p>\r
-\r
-<pre><code>\*literal asterisks\*\r
-</code></pre>\r
-\r
-<p>Markdown provides backslash escapes for the following characters:</p>\r
-\r
-<pre><code>\ backslash\r
-` backtick\r
-* asterisk\r
-_ underscore\r
-{} curly braces\r
-[] square brackets\r
-() parentheses\r
-# hash mark\r
-. dot\r
-! exclamation mark\r
-</code></pre>\r
-\r
-</div> <!-- article -->\r
+<p align="center"><b>Using Markdown format to write web pages</b></p>
+
+
+
+<p>(This text is a copy of <a target="_blank" href="http://daringfireball.net/projects/markdown/syntax">the original Markdown syntax page</a>)</p>
+
+
+
+<hr />
+
+<div id="Main">
+
+
+
+<div class="article">
+
+
+
+<ul>
+
+<li><a href="#overview">Overview</a>
+
+<ul>
+
+<li><a href="#philosophy">Philosophy</a></li>
+
+<li><a href="#html">Inline HTML</a></li>
+
+<li><a href="#autoescape">Automatic Escaping for Special Characters</a></li>
+
+</ul></li>
+
+<li><a href="#block">Block Elements</a>
+
+<ul>
+
+<li><a href="#p">Paragraphs and Line Breaks</a></li>
+
+<li><a href="#header">Headers</a></li>
+
+<li><a href="#blockquote">Blockquotes</a></li>
+
+<li><a href="#list">Lists</a></li>
+
+<li><a href="#precode">Code Blocks</a></li>
+
+<li><a href="#hr">Horizontal Rules</a></li>
+
+</ul></li>
+
+<li><a href="#span">Span Elements</a>
+
+<ul>
+
+<li><a href="#link">Links</a></li>
+
+<li><a href="#em">Emphasis</a></li>
+
+<li><a href="#code">Code</a></li>
+
+<li><a href="#img">Images</a></li>
+
+</ul></li>
+
+<li><a href="#misc">Miscellaneous</a>
+
+<ul>
+
+<li><a href="#backslash">Backslash Escapes</a></li>
+
+<li><a href="#autolink">Automatic Links</a></li>
+
+</ul></li>
+
+</ul>
+
+
+
+<hr />
+
+
+
+<h2 id="overview">Overview</h2>
+
+
+
+<h3 id="philosophy">Philosophy</h3>
+
+
+
+<p>Markdown is intended to be as easy-to-read and easy-to-write as is feasible.</p>
+
+
+
+<p>Readability, however, is emphasized above all else. A Markdown-formatted
+
+document should be publishable as-is, as plain text, without looking
+
+like it’s been marked up with tags or formatting instructions. While
+
+Markdown’s syntax has been influenced by several existing text-to-HTML
+
+filters — including <a href="http://docutils.sourceforge.net/mirror/setext.html">Setext</a>, <a href="http://www.aaronsw.com/2002/atx/">atx</a>, <a href="http://textism.com/tools/textile/">Textile</a>, <a href="http://docutils.sourceforge.net/rst.html">reStructuredText</a>,
+
+<a href="http://www.triptico.com/software/grutatxt.html">Grutatext</a>, and <a href="http://ettext.taint.org/doc/">EtText</a> — the single biggest source of
+
+inspiration for Markdown’s syntax is the format of plain text email.</p>
+
+
+
+<p>To this end, Markdown’s syntax is comprised entirely of punctuation
+
+characters, which punctuation characters have been carefully chosen so
+
+as to look like what they mean. E.g., asterisks around a word actually
+
+look like *emphasis*. Markdown lists look like, well, lists. Even
+
+blockquotes look like quoted passages of text, assuming you’ve ever
+
+used email.</p>
+
+
+
+<h3 id="html">Inline HTML</h3>
+
+
+
+<p>Markdown’s syntax is intended for one purpose: to be used as a
+
+format for <em>writing</em> for the web.</p>
+
+
+
+<p>Markdown is not a replacement for HTML, or even close to it. Its
+
+syntax is very small, corresponding only to a very small subset of
+
+HTML tags. The idea is <em>not</em> to create a syntax that makes it easier
+
+to insert HTML tags. In my opinion, HTML tags are already easy to
+
+insert. The idea for Markdown is to make it easy to read, write, and
+
+edit prose. HTML is a <em>publishing</em> format; Markdown is a <em>writing</em>
+
+format. Thus, Markdown’s formatting syntax only addresses issues that
+
+can be conveyed in plain text.</p>
+
+
+
+<p>For any markup that is not covered by Markdown’s syntax, you simply
+
+use HTML itself. There’s no need to preface it or delimit it to
+
+indicate that you’re switching from Markdown to HTML; you just use
+
+the tags.</p>
+
+
+
+<p>The only restrictions are that block-level HTML elements — e.g. <code><div></code>,
+
+<code><table></code>, <code><pre></code>, <code><p></code>, etc. — must be separated from surrounding
+
+content by blank lines, and the start and end tags of the block should
+
+not be indented with tabs or spaces. Markdown is smart enough not
+
+to add extra (unwanted) <code><p></code> tags around HTML block-level tags.</p>
+
+
+
+<p>For example, to add an HTML table to a Markdown article:</p>
+
+
+
+<pre><code>This is a regular paragraph.
+
+
+
+<table>
+
+ <tr>
+
+ <td>Foo</td>
+
+ </tr>
+
+</table>
+
+
+
+This is another regular paragraph.
+
+</code></pre>
+
+
+
+<p>Note that Markdown formatting syntax is not processed within block-level
+
+HTML tags. E.g., you can’t use Markdown-style <code>*emphasis*</code> inside an
+
+HTML block.</p>
+
+
+
+<p>Span-level HTML tags — e.g. <code><span></code>, <code><cite></code>, or <code><del></code> — can be
+
+used anywhere in a Markdown paragraph, list item, or header. If you
+
+want, you can even use HTML tags instead of Markdown formatting; e.g. if
+
+you’d prefer to use HTML <code><a></code> or <code><img></code> tags instead of Markdown’s
+
+link or image syntax, go right ahead.</p>
+
+
+
+<p>Unlike block-level HTML tags, Markdown syntax <em>is</em> processed within
+
+span-level tags.</p>
+
+
+
+<h3 id="autoescape">Automatic Escaping for Special Characters</h3>
+
+
+
+<p>In HTML, there are two characters that demand special treatment: <code><</code>
+
+and <code>&</code>. Left angle brackets are used to start tags; ampersands are
+
+used to denote HTML entities. If you want to use them as literal
+
+characters, you must escape them as entities, e.g. <code>&lt;</code>, and
+
+<code>&amp;</code>.</p>
+
+
+
+<p>Ampersands in particular are bedeviling for web writers. If you want to
+
+write about ‘AT&T’, you need to write ‘<code>AT&amp;T</code>’. You even need to
+
+escape ampersands within URLs. Thus, if you want to link to:</p>
+
+
+
+<pre><code>http://images.google.com/images?num=30&q=larry+bird
+
+</code></pre>
+
+
+
+<p>you need to encode the URL as:</p>
+
+
+
+<pre><code>http://images.google.com/images?num=30&amp;q=larry+bird
+
+</code></pre>
+
+
+
+<p>in your anchor tag <code>href</code> attribute. Needless to say, this is easy to
+
+forget, and is probably the single most common source of HTML validation
+
+errors in otherwise well-marked-up web sites.</p>
+
+
+
+<p>Markdown allows you to use these characters naturally, taking care of
+
+all the necessary escaping for you. If you use an ampersand as part of
+
+an HTML entity, it remains unchanged; otherwise it will be translated
+
+into <code>&amp;</code>.</p>
+
+
+
+<p>So, if you want to include a copyright symbol in your article, you can write:</p>
+
+
+
+<pre><code>&copy;
+
+</code></pre>
+
+
+
+<p>and Markdown will leave it alone. But if you write:</p>
+
+
+
+<pre><code>AT&T
+
+</code></pre>
+
+
+
+<p>Markdown will translate it to:</p>
+
+
+
+<pre><code>AT&amp;T
+
+</code></pre>
+
+
+
+<p>Similarly, because Markdown supports <a href="#html">inline HTML</a>, if you use
+
+angle brackets as delimiters for HTML tags, Markdown will treat them as
+
+such. But if you write:</p>
+
+
+
+<pre><code>4 < 5
+
+</code></pre>
+
+
+
+<p>Markdown will translate it to:</p>
+
+
+
+<pre><code>4 &lt; 5
+
+</code></pre>
+
+
+
+<p>However, inside Markdown code spans and blocks, angle brackets and
+
+ampersands are <em>always</em> encoded automatically. This makes it easy to use
+
+Markdown to write about HTML code. (As opposed to raw HTML, which is a
+
+terrible format for writing about HTML syntax, because every single <code><</code>
+
+and <code>&</code> in your example code needs to be escaped.)</p>
+
+
+
+<hr />
+
+
+
+<h2 id="block">Block Elements</h2>
+
+
+
+<h3 id="p">Paragraphs and Line Breaks</h3>
+
+
+
+<p>A paragraph is simply one or more consecutive lines of text, separated
+
+by one or more blank lines. (A blank line is any line that looks like a
+
+blank line — a line containing nothing but spaces or tabs is considered
+
+blank.) Normal paragraphs should not be intended with spaces or tabs.</p>
+
+
+
+<p>The implication of the “one or more consecutive lines of text” rule is
+
+that Markdown supports “hard-wrapped” text paragraphs. This differs
+
+significantly from most other text-to-HTML formatters (including Movable
+
+Type’s “Convert Line Breaks” option) which translate every line break
+
+character in a paragraph into a <code><br /></code> tag.</p>
+
+
+
+<p>When you <em>do</em> want to insert a <code><br /></code> break tag using Markdown, you
+
+end a line with two or more spaces, then type return.</p>
+
+
+
+<p>Yes, this takes a tad more effort to create a <code><br /></code>, but a simplistic
+
+“every line break is a <code><br /></code>” rule wouldn’t work for Markdown.
+
+Markdown’s email-style <a href="#blockquote">blockquoting</a> and multi-paragraph <a href="#list">list items</a>
+
+work best — and look better — when you format them with hard breaks.</p>
+
+
+
+<h3 id="header">Headers</h3>
+
+
+
+<p>Markdown supports two styles of headers, <a href="http://docutils.sourceforge.net/mirror/setext.html">Setext</a> and <a href="http://www.aaronsw.com/2002/atx/">atx</a>.</p>
+
+
+
+<p>Setext-style headers are “underlined” using equal signs (for first-level
+
+headers) and dashes (for second-level headers). For example:</p>
+
+
+
+<pre><code>This is an H1
+
+=============
+
+
+
+This is an H2
+
+-------------
+
+</code></pre>
+
+
+
+<p>Any number of underlining <code>=</code>’s or <code>-</code>’s will work.</p>
+
+
+
+<p>Atx-style headers use 1-6 hash characters at the start of the line,
+
+corresponding to header levels 1-6. For example:</p>
+
+
+
+<pre><code># This is an H1
+
+
+
+## This is an H2
+
+
+
+###### This is an H6
+
+</code></pre>
+
+
+
+<p>Optionally, you may “close” atx-style headers. This is purely
+
+cosmetic — you can use this if you think it looks better. The
+
+closing hashes don’t even need to match the number of hashes
+
+used to open the header. (The number of opening hashes
+
+determines the header level.) :</p>
+
+
+
+<pre><code># This is an H1 #
+
+
+
+## This is an H2 ##
+
+
+
+### This is an H3 ######
+
+</code></pre>
+
+
+
+<h3 id="blockquote">Blockquotes</h3>
+
+
+
+<p>Markdown uses email-style <code>></code> characters for blockquoting. If you’re
+
+familiar with quoting passages of text in an email message, then you
+
+know how to create a blockquote in Markdown. It looks best if you hard
+
+wrap the text and put a <code>></code> before every line:</p>
+
+
+
+<pre><code>> This is a blockquote with two paragraphs. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet,
+
+> consectetuer adipiscing elit. Aliquam hendrerit mi posuere lectus.
+
+> Vestibulum enim wisi, viverra nec, fringilla in, laoreet vitae, risus.
+
+>
+
+> Donec sit amet nisl. Aliquam semper ipsum sit amet velit. Suspendisse
+
+> id sem consectetuer libero luctus adipiscing.
+
+</code></pre>
+
+
+
+<p>Markdown allows you to be lazy and only put the <code>></code> before the first
+
+line of a hard-wrapped paragraph:</p>
+
+
+
+<pre><code>> This is a blockquote with two paragraphs. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet,
+
+consectetuer adipiscing elit. Aliquam hendrerit mi posuere lectus.
+
+Vestibulum enim wisi, viverra nec, fringilla in, laoreet vitae, risus.
+
+
+
+> Donec sit amet nisl. Aliquam semper ipsum sit amet velit. Suspendisse
+
+id sem consectetuer libero luctus adipiscing.
+
+</code></pre>
+
+
+
+<p>Blockquotes can be nested (i.e. a blockquote-in-a-blockquote) by
+
+adding additional levels of <code>></code>:</p>
+
+
+
+<pre><code>> This is the first level of quoting.
+
+>
+
+> > This is nested blockquote.
+
+>
+
+> Back to the first level.
+
+</code></pre>
+
+
+
+<p>Blockquotes can contain other Markdown elements, including headers, lists,
+
+and code blocks:</p>
+
+
+
+<pre><code>> ## This is a header.
+
+>
+
+> 1. This is the first list item.
+
+> 2. This is the second list item.
+
+>
+
+> Here's some example code:
+
+>
+
+> return shell_exec("echo $input | $markdown_script");
+
+</code></pre>
+
+
+
+<p>Any decent text editor should make email-style quoting easy. For
+
+example, with BBEdit, you can make a selection and choose Increase
+
+Quote Level from the Text menu.</p>
+
+
+
+<h3 id="list">Lists</h3>
+
+
+
+<p>Markdown supports ordered (numbered) and unordered (bulleted) lists.</p>
+
+
+
+<p>Unordered lists use asterisks, pluses, and hyphens — interchangably
+
+— as list markers:</p>
+
+
+
+<pre><code>* Red
+
+* Green
+
+* Blue
+
+</code></pre>
+
+
+
+<p>is equivalent to:</p>
+
+
+
+<pre><code>+ Red
+
++ Green
+
++ Blue
+
+</code></pre>
+
+
+
+<p>and:</p>
+
+
+
+<pre><code>- Red
+
+- Green
+
+- Blue
+
+</code></pre>
+
+
+
+<p>Ordered lists use numbers followed by periods:</p>
+
+
+
+<pre><code>1. Bird
+
+2. McHale
+
+3. Parish
+
+</code></pre>
+
+
+
+<p>It’s important to note that the actual numbers you use to mark the
+
+list have no effect on the HTML output Markdown produces. The HTML
+
+Markdown produces from the above list is:</p>
+
+
+
+<pre><code><ol>
+
+<li>Bird</li>
+
+<li>McHale</li>
+
+<li>Parish</li>
+
+</ol>
+
+</code></pre>
+
+
+
+<p>If you instead wrote the list in Markdown like this:</p>
+
+
+
+<pre><code>1. Bird
+
+1. McHale
+
+1. Parish
+
+</code></pre>
+
+
+
+<p>or even:</p>
+
+
+
+<pre><code>3. Bird
+
+1. McHale
+
+8. Parish
+
+</code></pre>
+
+
+
+<p>you’d get the exact same HTML output. The point is, if you want to,
+
+you can use ordinal numbers in your ordered Markdown lists, so that
+
+the numbers in your source match the numbers in your published HTML.
+
+But if you want to be lazy, you don’t have to.</p>
+
+
+
+<p>If you do use lazy list numbering, however, you should still start the
+
+list with the number 1. At some point in the future, Markdown may support
+
+starting ordered lists at an arbitrary number.</p>
+
+
+
+<p>List markers typically start at the left margin, but may be indented by
+
+up to three spaces. List markers must be followed by one or more spaces
+
+or a tab.</p>
+
+
+
+<p>To make lists look nice, you can wrap items with hanging indents:</p>
+
+
+
+<pre><code>* Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetuer adipiscing elit.
+
+ Aliquam hendrerit mi posuere lectus. Vestibulum enim wisi,
+
+ viverra nec, fringilla in, laoreet vitae, risus.
+
+* Donec sit amet nisl. Aliquam semper ipsum sit amet velit.
+
+ Suspendisse id sem consectetuer libero luctus adipiscing.
+
+</code></pre>
+
+
+
+<p>But if you want to be lazy, you don’t have to:</p>
+
+
+
+<pre><code>* Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetuer adipiscing elit.
+
+Aliquam hendrerit mi posuere lectus. Vestibulum enim wisi,
+
+viverra nec, fringilla in, laoreet vitae, risus.
+
+* Donec sit amet nisl. Aliquam semper ipsum sit amet velit.
+
+Suspendisse id sem consectetuer libero luctus adipiscing.
+
+</code></pre>
+
+
+
+<p>If list items are separated by blank lines, Markdown will wrap the
+
+items in <code><p></code> tags in the HTML output. For example, this input:</p>
+
+
+
+<pre><code>* Bird
+
+* Magic
+
+</code></pre>
+
+
+
+<p>will turn into:</p>
+
+
+
+<pre><code><ul>
+
+<li>Bird</li>
+
+<li>Magic</li>
+
+</ul>
+
+</code></pre>
+
+
+
+<p>But this:</p>
+
+
+
+<pre><code>* Bird
+
+
+
+* Magic
+
+</code></pre>
+
+
+
+<p>will turn into:</p>
+
+
+
+<pre><code><ul>
+
+<li><p>Bird</p></li>
+
+<li><p>Magic</p></li>
+
+</ul>
+
+</code></pre>
+
+
+
+<p>List items may consist of multiple paragraphs. Each subsequent
+
+paragraph in a list item must be intended by either 4 spaces
+
+or one tab:</p>
+
+
+
+<pre><code>1. This is a list item with two paragraphs. Lorem ipsum dolor
+
+ sit amet, consectetuer adipiscing elit. Aliquam hendrerit
+
+ mi posuere lectus.
+
+
+
+ Vestibulum enim wisi, viverra nec, fringilla in, laoreet
+
+ vitae, risus. Donec sit amet nisl. Aliquam semper ipsum
+
+ sit amet velit.
+
+
+
+2. Suspendisse id sem consectetuer libero luctus adipiscing.
+
+</code></pre>
+
+
+
+<p>It looks nice if you indent every line of the subsequent
+
+paragraphs, but here again, Markdown will allow you to be
+
+lazy:</p>
+
+
+
+<pre><code>* This is a list item with two paragraphs.
+
+
+
+ This is the second paragraph in the list item. You're
+
+only required to indent the first line. Lorem ipsum dolor
+
+sit amet, consectetuer adipiscing elit.
+
+
+
+* Another item in the same list.
+
+</code></pre>
+
+
+
+<p>To put a blockquote within a list item, the blockquote’s <code>></code>
+
+delimiters need to be indented:</p>
+
+
+
+<pre><code>* A list item with a blockquote:
+
+
+
+ > This is a blockquote
+
+ > inside a list item.
+
+</code></pre>
+
+
+
+<p>To put a code block within a list item, the code block needs
+
+to be indented <em>twice</em> — 8 spaces or two tabs:</p>
+
+
+
+<pre><code>* A list item with a code block:
+
+
+
+ <code goes here>
+
+</code></pre>
+
+
+
+<p>It’s worth noting that it’s possible to trigger an ordered list by
+
+accident, by writing something like this:</p>
+
+
+
+<pre><code>1986. What a great season.
+
+</code></pre>
+
+
+
+<p>In other words, a <em>number-period-space</em> sequence at the beginning of a
+
+line. To avoid this, you can backslash-escape the period:</p>
+
+
+
+<pre><code>1986\. What a great season.
+
+</code></pre>
+
+
+
+<h3 id="precode">Code Blocks</h3>
+
+
+
+<p>Pre-formatted code blocks are used for writing about programming or
+
+markup source code. Rather than forming normal paragraphs, the lines
+
+of a code block are interpreted literally. Markdown wraps a code block
+
+in both <code><pre></code> and <code><code></code> tags.</p>
+
+
+
+<p>To produce a code block in Markdown, simply indent every line of the
+
+block by at least 4 spaces or 1 tab. For example, given this input:</p>
+
+
+
+<pre><code>This is a normal paragraph:
+
+
+
+ This is a code block.
+
+</code></pre>
+
+
+
+<p>Markdown will generate:</p>
+
+
+
+<pre><code><p>This is a normal paragraph:</p>
+
+
+
+<pre><code>This is a code block.
+
+</code></pre>
+
+</code></pre>
+
+
+
+<p>One level of indentation — 4 spaces or 1 tab — is removed from each
+
+line of the code block. For example, this:</p>
+
+
+
+<pre><code>Here is an example of AppleScript:
+
+
+
+ tell application "Foo"
+
+ beep
+
+ end tell
+
+</code></pre>
+
+
+
+<p>will turn into:</p>
+
+
+
+<pre><code><p>Here is an example of AppleScript:</p>
+
+
+
+<pre><code>tell application "Foo"
+
+ beep
+
+end tell
+
+</code></pre>
+
+</code></pre>
+
+
+
+<p>A code block continues until it reaches a line that is not indented
+
+(or the end of the article).</p>
+
+
+
+<p>Within a code block, ampersands (<code>&</code>) and angle brackets (<code><</code> and <code>></code>)
+
+are automatically converted into HTML entities. This makes it very
+
+easy to include example HTML source code using Markdown — just paste
+
+it and indent it, and Markdown will handle the hassle of encoding the
+
+ampersands and angle brackets. For example, this:</p>
+
+
+
+<pre><code> <div class="footer">
+
+ &copy; 2004 Foo Corporation
+
+ </div>
+
+</code></pre>
+
+
+
+<p>will turn into:</p>
+
+
+
+<pre><code><pre><code>&lt;div class="footer"&gt;
+
+ &amp;copy; 2004 Foo Corporation
+
+&lt;/div&gt;
+
+</code></pre>
+
+</code></pre>
+
+
+
+<p>Regular Markdown syntax is not processed within code blocks. E.g.,
+
+asterisks are just literal asterisks within a code block. This means
+
+it’s also easy to use Markdown to write about Markdown’s own syntax.</p>
+
+
+
+<h3 id="hr">Horizontal Rules</h3>
+
+
+
+<p>You can produce a horizontal rule tag (<code><hr /></code>) by placing three or
+
+more hyphens or asterisks on a line by themselves. If you wish, you
+
+may use spaces between the hyphens or asterisks. Each of the following
+
+lines will produce a horizontal rule:</p>
+
+
+
+<pre><code>* * *
+
+
+
+***
+
+
+
+*****
+
+
+
+- - -
+
+
+
+---------------------------------------
+
+</code></pre>
+
+
+
+<hr />
+
+
+
+<h2 id="span">Span Elements</h2>
+
+
+
+<h3 id="link">Links</h3>
+
+
+
+<p>Markdown supports two style of links: <em>inline</em> and <em>reference</em>.</p>
+
+
+
+<p>In both styles, the link text is delimited by [square brackets].</p>
+
+
+
+<p>To create an inline link, use a set of regular parentheses immediately
+
+after the link text’s closing square bracket. Inside the parentheses,
+
+put the URL where you want the link to point, along with an <em>optional</em>
+
+title for the link, surrounded in quotes. For example:</p>
+
+
+
+<pre><code>This is [an example](http://example.com/ "Title") inline link.
+
+
+
+[This link](http://example.net/) has no title attribute.
+
+</code></pre>
+
+
+
+<p>Will produce:</p>
+
+
+
+<pre><code><p>This is <a href="http://example.com/" title="Title">
+
+an example</a> inline link.</p>
+
+
+
+<p><a href="http://example.net/">This link</a> has no
+
+title attribute.</p>
+
+</code></pre>
+
+
+
+<p>If you’re referring to a local resource on the same server, you can
+
+use relative paths:</p>
+
+
+
+<pre><code>See my [About](/about/) page for details.
+
+</code></pre>
+
+
+
+<p>Reference-style links use a second set of square brackets, inside
+
+which you place a label of your choosing to identify the link:</p>
+
+
+
+<pre><code>This is [an example][id] reference-style link.
+
+</code></pre>
+
+
+
+<p>You can optionally use a space to separate the sets of brackets:</p>
+
+
+
+<pre><code>This is [an example] [id] reference-style link.
+
+</code></pre>
+
+
+
+<p>Then, anywhere in the document, you define your link label like this,
+
+on a line by itself:</p>
+
+
+
+<pre><code>[id]: http://example.com/ "Optional Title Here"
+
+</code></pre>
+
+
+
+<p>That is:</p>
+
+
+
+<ul>
+
+<li>Square brackets containing the link identifier (optionally
+
+indented from the left margin using spaces or tabs);</li>
+
+<li>followed by a colon;</li>
+
+<li>followed by one or more spaces (or tabs);</li>
+
+<li>followed by the URL for the link;</li>
+
+<li>optionally followed by a title attribute for the link, enclosed
+
+in double or single quotes.</li>
+
+</ul>
+
+
+
+<p>The link URL may, optionally, be surrounded by angle brackets:</p>
+
+
+
+<pre><code>[id]: <http://example.com/> "Optional Title Here"
+
+</code></pre>
+
+
+
+<p>You can put the title attribute on the next line and use extra spaces
+
+or tabs for padding, which tends to look better with longer URLs:</p>
+
+
+
+<pre><code>[id]: http://example.com/longish/path/to/resource/here
+
+ "Optional Title Here"
+
+</code></pre>
+
+
+
+<p>Link definitions are only used for creating links during Markdown
+
+processing, and are stripped from your document in the HTML output.</p>
+
+
+
+<p>Link definition names may constist of letters, numbers, spaces, and punctuation — but they are <em>not</em> case sensitive. E.g. these two links:</p>
+
+
+
+<pre><code>[link text][a]
+
+[link text][A]
+
+</code></pre>
+
+
+
+<p>are equivalent.</p>
+
+
+
+<p>The <em>implicit link name</em> shortcut allows you to omit the name of the
+
+link, in which case the link text itself is used as the name.
+
+Just use an empty set of square brackets — e.g., to link the word
+
+“Google” to the google.com web site, you could simply write:</p>
+
+
+
+<pre><code>[Google][]
+
+</code></pre>
+
+
+
+<p>And then define the link:</p>
+
+
+
+<pre><code>[Google]: http://google.com/
+
+</code></pre>
+
+
+
+<p>Because link names may contain spaces, this shortcut even works for
+
+multiple words in the link text:</p>
+
+
+
+<pre><code>Visit [Daring Fireball][] for more information.
+
+</code></pre>
+
+
+
+<p>And then define the link:</p>
+
+
+
+<pre><code>[Daring Fireball]: http://daringfireball.net/
+
+</code></pre>
+
+
+
+<p>Link definitions can be placed anywhere in your Markdown document. I
+
+tend to put them immediately after each paragraph in which they’re
+
+used, but if you want, you can put them all at the end of your
+
+document, sort of like footnotes.</p>
+
+
+
+<p>Here’s an example of reference links in action:</p>
+
+
+
+<pre><code>I get 10 times more traffic from [Google] [1] than from
+
+[Yahoo] [2] or [MSN] [3].
+
+
+
+ [1]: http://google.com/ "Google"
+
+ [2]: http://search.yahoo.com/ "Yahoo Search"
+
+ [3]: http://search.msn.com/ "MSN Search"
+
+</code></pre>
+
+
+
+<p>Using the implicit link name shortcut, you could instead write:</p>
+
+
+
+<pre><code>I get 10 times more traffic from [Google][] than from
+
+[Yahoo][] or [MSN][].
+
+
+
+ [google]: http://google.com/ "Google"
+
+ [yahoo]: http://search.yahoo.com/ "Yahoo Search"
+
+ [msn]: http://search.msn.com/ "MSN Search"
+
+</code></pre>
+
+
+
+<p>Both of the above examples will produce the following HTML output:</p>
+
+
+
+<pre><code><p>I get 10 times more traffic from <a href="http://google.com/"
+
+title="Google">Google</a> than from
+
+<a href="http://search.yahoo.com/" title="Yahoo Search">Yahoo</a>
+
+or <a href="http://search.msn.com/" title="MSN Search">MSN</a>.</p>
+
+</code></pre>
+
+
+
+<p>For comparison, here is the same paragraph written using
+
+Markdown’s inline link style:</p>
+
+
+
+<pre><code>I get 10 times more traffic from [Google](http://google.com/ "Google")
+
+than from [Yahoo](http://search.yahoo.com/ "Yahoo Search") or
+
+[MSN](http://search.msn.com/ "MSN Search").
+
+</code></pre>
+
+
+
+<p>The point of reference-style links is not that they’re easier to
+
+write. The point is that with reference-style links, your document
+
+source is vastly more readable. Compare the above examples: using
+
+reference-style links, the paragraph itself is only 81 characters
+
+long; with inline-style links, it’s 176 characters; and as raw HTML,
+
+it’s 234 characters. In the raw HTML, there’s more markup than there
+
+is text.</p>
+
+
+
+<p>With Markdown’s reference-style links, a source document much more
+
+closely resembles the final output, as rendered in a browser. By
+
+allowing you to move the markup-related metadata out of the paragraph,
+
+you can add links without interrupting the narrative flow of your
+
+prose.</p>
+
+
+
+<h3 id="em">Emphasis</h3>
+
+
+
+<p>Markdown treats asterisks (<code>*</code>) and underscores (<code>_</code>) as indicators of
+
+emphasis. Text wrapped with one <code>*</code> or <code>_</code> will be wrapped with an
+
+HTML <code><em></code> tag; double <code>*</code>’s or <code>_</code>’s will be wrapped with an HTML
+
+<code><strong></code> tag. E.g., this input:</p>
+
+
+
+<pre><code>*single asterisks*
+
+
+
+_single underscores_
+
+
+
+**double asterisks**
+
+
+
+__double underscores__
+
+</code></pre>
+
+
+
+<p>will produce:</p>
+
+
+
+<pre><code><em>single asterisks</em>
+
+
+
+<em>single underscores</em>
+
+
+
+<strong>double asterisks</strong>
+
+
+
+<strong>double underscores</strong>
+
+</code></pre>
+
+
+
+<p>You can use whichever style you prefer; the lone restriction is that
+
+the same character must be used to open and close an emphasis span.</p>
+
+
+
+<p>Emphasis can be used in the middle of a word:</p>
+
+
+
+<pre><code>un*fucking*believable
+
+</code></pre>
+
+
+
+<p>But if you surround an <code>*</code> or <code>_</code> with spaces, it’ll be treated as a
+
+literal asterisk or underscore.</p>
+
+
+
+<p>To produce a literal asterisk or underscore at a position where it
+
+would otherwise be used as an emphasis delimiter, you can backslash
+
+escape it:</p>
+
+
+
+<pre><code>\*this text is surrounded by literal asterisks\*
+
+</code></pre>
+
+
+
+<h3 id="code">Code</h3>
+
+
+
+<p>To indicate a span of code, wrap it with backtick quotes (<code>`</code>).
+
+Unlike a pre-formatted code block, a code span indicates code within a
+
+normal paragraph. For example:</p>
+
+
+
+<pre><code>Use the `printf()` function.
+
+</code></pre>
+
+
+
+<p>will produce:</p>
+
+
+
+<pre><code><p>Use the <code>printf()</code> function.</p>
+
+</code></pre>
+
+
+
+<p>To include a literal backtick character within a code span, you can
+
+backslash escape it:</p>
+
+
+
+<pre><code>`There is a literal backtick (\`) here.`
+
+</code></pre>
+
+
+
+<p>Or, if you prefer, you can use multiple backticks as the opening and
+
+closing delimiters:</p>
+
+
+
+<pre><code>``There is a literal backtick (`) here.``
+
+</code></pre>
+
+
+
+<p>Both of the previous two examples will produce this:</p>
+
+
+
+<pre><code><p><code>There is a literal backtick (`) here.</code></p>
+
+</code></pre>
+
+
+
+<p>With a code span, ampersands and angle brackets are encoded as HTML
+
+entities automatically, which makes it easy to include example HTML
+
+tags. Markdown will turn this:</p>
+
+
+
+<pre><code>Please don't use any `<blink>` tags.
+
+</code></pre>
+
+
+
+<p>into:</p>
+
+
+
+<pre><code><p>Please don't use any <code>&lt;blink&gt;</code> tags.</p>
+
+</code></pre>
+
+
+
+<p>You can write this:</p>
+
+
+
+<pre><code>`&#8212;` is the decimal-encoded equivalent of `&mdash;`.
+
+</code></pre>
+
+
+
+<p>to produce:</p>
+
+
+
+<pre><code><p><code>&amp;#8212;</code> is the decimal-encoded
+
+equivalent of <code>&amp;mdash;</code>.</p>
+
+</code></pre>
+
+
+
+<h3 id="img">Images</h3>
+
+
+
+<p>Admittedly, it’s fairly difficult to devise a “natural” syntax for
+
+placing images into a plain text document format.</p>
+
+
+
+<p>Markdown uses an image syntax that is intended to resemble the syntax
+
+for links, allowing for two styles: <em>inline</em> and <em>reference</em>.</p>
+
+
+
+<p>Inline image syntax looks like this:</p>
+
+
+
+<pre><code>
+
+
+
+
+
+</code></pre>
+
+
+
+<p>That is:</p>
+
+
+
+<ul>
+
+<li>An exclamation mark: <code>!</code>;</li>
+
+<li>followed by a set of square brackets, containing the <code>alt</code>
+
+attribute text for the image;</li>
+
+<li>followed by a set of parentheses, containing the URL or path to
+
+the image, and an optional <code>title</code> attribute enclosed in double
+
+or single quotes.</li>
+
+</ul>
+
+
+
+<p>Reference-style image syntax looks like this:</p>
+
+
+
+<pre><code>![Alt text][id]
+
+</code></pre>
+
+
+
+<p>Where “id” is the name of a defined image reference. Image references
+
+are defined using syntax identical to link references:</p>
+
+
+
+<pre><code>[id]: url/to/image "Optional title attribute"
+
+</code></pre>
+
+
+
+<p>As of this writing, Markdown has no syntax for specifying the
+
+dimensions of an image; if this is important to you, you can simply
+
+use regular HTML <code><img></code> tags.</p>
+
+
+
+<hr />
+
+
+
+<h2 id="misc">Miscellaneous</h2>
+
+
+
+<h3 id="autolink">Automatic Links</h3>
+
+
+
+<p>Markdown supports a shortcut style for creating “automatic” links for URLs and email addresses: simply surround the URL or email address with angle brackets. What this means is that if you want to show the actual text of a URL or email address, and also have it be a clickable link, you can do this:</p>
+
+
+
+<pre><code><http://example.com/>
+
+</code></pre>
+
+
+
+<p>Markdown will turn this into:</p>
+
+
+
+<pre><code><a href="http://example.com/">http://example.com/</a>
+
+</code></pre>
+
+
+
+<p>Automatic links for email addresses work similarly, except that
+
+Markdown will also perform a bit of randomized decimal and hex
+
+entity-encoding to help obscure your address from address-harvesting
+
+spambots. For example, Markdown will turn this:</p>
+
+
+
+<pre><code><address@example.com>
+
+</code></pre>
+
+
+
+<p>into something like this:</p>
+
+
+
+<pre><code><a href="&#x6D;&#x61;i&#x6C;&#x74;&#x6F;:&#x61;&#x64;&#x64;&#x72;&#x65;
+
+&#115;&#115;&#64;&#101;&#120;&#x61;&#109;&#x70;&#x6C;e&#x2E;&#99;&#111;
+
+&#109;">&#x61;&#x64;&#x64;&#x72;&#x65;&#115;&#115;&#64;&#101;&#120;&#x61;
+
+&#109;&#x70;&#x6C;e&#x2E;&#99;&#111;&#109;</a>
+
+</code></pre>
+
+
+
+<p>which will render in a browser as a clickable link to “address@example.com”.</p>
+
+
+
+<p>(This sort of entity-encoding trick will indeed fool many, if not
+
+most, address-harvesting bots, but it definitely won’t fool all of
+
+them. It’s better than nothing, but an address published in this way
+
+will probably eventually start receiving spam.)</p>
+
+
+
+<h3 id="backslash">Backslash Escapes</h3>
+
+
+
+<p>Markdown allows you to use backslash escapes to generate literal
+
+characters which would otherwise have special meaning in Markdown’s
+
+formatting syntax. For example, if you wanted to surround a word with
+
+literal asterisks (instead of an HTML <code><em></code> tag), you can backslashes
+
+before the asterisks, like this:</p>
+
+
+
+<pre><code>\*literal asterisks\*
+
+</code></pre>
+
+
+
+<p>Markdown provides backslash escapes for the following characters:</p>
+
+
+
+<pre><code>\ backslash
+
+` backtick
+
+* asterisk
+
+_ underscore
+
+{} curly braces
+
+[] square brackets
+
+() parentheses
+
+# hash mark
+
+. dot
+
+! exclamation mark
+
+</code></pre>
+
+
+
+</div> <!-- article -->
+
projects / moodle.git / commitdiff