--- /dev/null
+<P ALIGN=CENTER><B>Attachments for posts</B></P>
+
+<P>You can optionally attach ONE file from your own computer
+ to any post in the forums. This file is uploaded to the
+ server and stored with your post.
+
+<P>This is useful when you want to share a picture, for example,
+ or a Word document.
+
+<P>This file can be of any type, however it is highly recommended
+ that the file is named using standard 3-letter internet
+ suffixes such as .doc for a Word document, .jpg or .png
+ for an image, and so on. This will make it easier for others
+ to download and view your attachment in their browsers.
+
+<P>If you re-edit a posting and attach a new file, then any
+ previous attached files for that post will be replaced.
+
+<P>If you re-edit a posting with an attachment and leave
+ this space blank, then the original attachment will be
+ retained.
--- /dev/null
+<P ALIGN=CENTER><B>Forum Ratings</B></P>\r
+\r
+<P>Individual posts can be rated using a scale based on the theory of \r
+<strong>separate and connected knowing</strong>.\r
+\r
+<p>This theory may help you to look at human interactions \r
+ in a new way. It describes two different ways that we can evaluate and learn \r
+ about the things we see and hear.\r
+\r
+<p>Although each of us may use these two methods in different amounts at different \r
+ times, it may be useful to imagine two people as examples, one who is a mostly \r
+ separate knower (Jim) and the other a mostly connected knower (Mary).</p>\r
+<ul>\r
+ <li>Jim likes to remain as 'objective' as possible without including his feelings \r
+ and emotions. When in a discussion with other people who may have different \r
+ ideas, he likes to defend his own ideas, using logic to find holes in his \r
+ opponent's ideas. He is critical of new ideas unless they are proven facts \r
+ from reputable sources such as textbooks, respected teachers or his own direct \r
+ experience. Jim is a very <strong>separate knower</strong>.<br><br>\r
+ </li>\r
+ <li>Mary is more sensitive to other people. She is skilled at empathy and tends \r
+ to listen and ask questions until she feels she can connect and "understand \r
+ things from their point of view". She learns by trying to share the experiences \r
+ that led to the knowledge she finds in other people. When talking to others, \r
+ she avoids confrontation and will often try to help the other person if she \r
+ can see a way to do so, using logical suggestions. Mary is a very <strong>connected \r
+ knower</strong>.</li>\r
+</ul>\r
+<p>Did you notice in these examples that the separate knower is male and the connected \r
+ knower is female? Some studies have shown that statistically this tends to be \r
+ the case, however individual people can be anywhere in the spectrum between \r
+ these two extremes. </p>\r
+<p>For a collaborative and effective group of learners it may be best if everyone \r
+ were able to use BOTH ways of knowing.</p>\r
+<p>In a particular situation like an online forum, a single post by a person may \r
+ exhibit either of these characteristics, or even both. Someone who is generally \r
+ very connected may post a very separate-sounding message, and vice versa. The \r
+ purpose of rating each post using this scale is to:</p>\r
+<blockquote>\r
+ <p>a) help you think about these issues when reading other posts<br>\r
+ b) provide feedback to each author on how they are being seen by others</p>\r
+</blockquote>\r
+<p>The results are not used towards student assessment in any way, they are just \r
+ to help improve communication and learning.</p>\r
+<hr>\r
+<p><br>\r
+ In case you're interested, here are some references to papers by the authors \r
+ who originally developed these ideas:</p>\r
+<ul>\r
+ <li>Belenky, M.F., Clinchy, B.M., Goldberger, N.R., & Tarule, J.M. (1986). \r
+ Women's ways of knowing: the development of self, voice, and mind. New York, \r
+ NY: Basic Books.</li>\r
+ <li>Clinchy, B.M. (1989a). The development of thoughtfulness in college women: \r
+ Integrating reason and care. American Behavioural Scientist, 32(6), 647-657.</li>\r
+ <li>Clinchy, B.M. (1989b). On critical thinking & connected knowing. Liberal \r
+ education, 75(5), 14-19.</li>\r
+ <li>Clinchy, B.M. (1996). Connected and separate knowing; Toward a marriage \r
+ of two minds. In N.R. Goldberger, Tarule, J.M., Clinchy, B.M. &</li>\r
+ <li>Belenky, M.F. (Eds.), Knowledge, Difference, and Power; Essays inspired \r
+ by “Women’s Ways of Knowing” (pp. 205-247). New York, NY: \r
+ Basic Books.</li>\r
+ <li>Galotti, K. M., Clinchy, B. M., Ainsworth, K., Lavin, B., & Mansfield, \r
+ A. F. (1999). A New Way of Assessing Ways of Knowing: The Attitudes Towards \r
+ Thinking and Learning Survey (ATTLS). Sex Roles, 40(9/10), 745-766.</li>\r
+ <li>Galotti, K. M., Reimer, R. L., & Drebus, D. W. (2001). Ways of knowing \r
+ as learning styles: Learning MAGIC with a partner. Sex Roles, 44(7/8), 419-436. \r
+ <br>\r
+ </li>\r
+</ul>\r
+\r
projects / moodle.git / commitdiff